Please consult with Margaret Sampson about your topic before submitting your major essay.

All written work must follow the conventions outlined in the following document given below.

http://www.mq.edu.au/about_us/faculties_and_departments/faculty_of_arts/mhpir/current_students/writing_essays_in_history/

Rubrics are also given below.

MHIS 748/ MHPG848 is supported by a weekly discussion forum, held Thursdays 10-12 in the Modern History Seminar Room, at the far end of W6A level 4, W6A 407 Meeting Rm .Internals are expected to attend and to participateactively. External students are also very welcome to attend.

Additional resources are placed online and may be accessed at iLearn https://ilearn.mq.edu.au/login/MQ/

All students are expected to make use of the ilearn resources website, and externals must  contribute on a weekly basis to the online discussion forums.  Online discussion can feel awkward at first but once you have taken the plunge it becomes easier. Do not be afraid to say that you cannot make sense of a particular topic.  Some topics do appear impenetrable at first – and indeed that may well  be a legitimate criticism of them.

 Your weekly online contributions can be put together to form your ‘Journal’ at the end of the course.

We will endeavour to flip the classroom away from lectures towards more discussion, as we have in previous years.

Please submit your essays via turnitin assignments on the unit webpage.

You must follow the instructions set out in 'Writing history essays' below.

The university has a set of guidelines on the distribution of grades:

Extensions and penalties

If you anticipate any difficulty in meeting assigned due dates then it is important that you contact the convenor as early as possible. Please avoid asking for extensions. Missing deadlines complicates the work of markers and puts you behind. If you have to ask for an extension, request it before the deadline, and only request it if you face serious crises that can be documented in some way (e.g. with a medical certificate). ‘Getting behind with your work’ or ‘I had other deadlines’ do not count.

2% of credit will be deducted per day for assignments handed in late without an extension. If your assessment task is more than two weeks late, and you do not have special consideration, you will need to gain the permission of the unit convenor before submitting that task. Tasks more than two weeks late, without special consideration, will be marked on a pass/fail basis.

5% of credit will be deducted for assignments that exceed the word length by 10% or more. Assignments handed in early will not be marked and returned before the due date. Always keep a copy of your assessment tasks in case they get lost in the system.

Returning assignments

The convenors will mark and return your unit project in time for you to consider their advice when you work to complete your journal.

Definition: Plagiarism involves using the work of another person and presenting it as one's own.

Any of the following acts constitutes plagiarism unless the source of each quotation or piece of borrowed material is clearly acknowledged.

• copying out part(s) of any document or audio-visual material (including computer based material);
• using or extracting another person's concepts, experimental results, or conclusions;
• summarising another person's work;
• in an assignment where there was collaborative preparatory work, submitting substantially the same final version of any material as another student.

Encouraging or assisting another person to commit plagiarism is a form of improper collusion and may attract the same penalties which apply to plagiarism.

Opportunities and temptations for plagiarism have increased with the spread of internet access. Plagiarism is a serious threat to the teaching and accreditation process, and seriously undermines the collegial and ethical principles which underpin the work of a University

The Dangers of Plagiarism and How to Avoid it

The integrity of learning and scholarship depends on a code of conduct governing good practise and acceptable academic behaviour. One of the most important elements of good practise involves acknowledging carefully the people whose ideas we have used, borrowed, or developed. All students and scholars are bound by these rules because all scholarly work depends in one way or another on the work of others.

Therefore, there is nothing wrong in a student using the work of others as a basis for their own work, nor is it evidence of inadequacy on the student's part, provided they do not attempt to pass off someone else's work as their own. To maintain good academic practice, so that a student may be given credit for their own efforts, and so that their own contribution can be properly appreciated and evaluated, they should acknowledge their sources and they should ALWAYS:

• state clearly in the appropriate form where they found the material on which they have based their work, using the system of referencing specified by the Department in which their assignment was set;
• acknowledge the people whose concepts, experiments, or results they have extracted, developed, or summarised, even if they put these ideas into their own words;
• avoid excessive copying of passages by another author, even where the source is acknowledged. Find another form of words to show that the student has thought about the material and understood it, but stating clearly where they found the ideas.

If a student uses the work of another person without clearly stating or acknowledging their source, the result is falsely claiming that material as their own work and committing an act of PLAGIARISM. This is a very serious violation of good practice and an offence for which a student will be penalised.

Examples of Plagiarism

The following are examples of plagiarism, scaled from the mildest to most serious offences, which may be collectively known as "The Plagiarism Continuum" (Walker, J. (1998) "Student Plagiarism in Universities: What Are We Doing About it?" Higher Education Research and Development, 17, 1, 89-105):

• Sham paraphrasing: Material copied verbatim from text and source acknowledged but represented as paraphrased.
• Illicit paraphrasing: Material paraphrased from text without acknowledgement of source.
• Other plagiarism: Material copied from another student's assignment with the knowledge of the other student.
• Verbatim copying: Material copied verbatim from text without acknowledgement of the source.
• Self-plagiarism or 'recycling': Same assignment submitted more than once for different courses.
• Ghostwriting: Assignment written by a third party and represented by student as own work.
• Purloining: Assignment copied from another student's assignment or other person's paper without the person's knowledge.

Procedures that will be followed in cases of suspected plagiarism

It is recognised that different kinds of plagiarism take place and require different approaches and procedures. However it is in the interests of natural justice for all parties to have a consistent set of procedures and penalties. The Academic Senate has approved the following procedures to be followed in cases of suspected plagiarism.

The level of intent to deceive and the extent of the plagiarism should be the principal criteria for determining penalties. For example, a deliberate intention to deceive and gain unwarranted advantage will attract severe penalties, as will copying essays and assignments in whole from other students or other sources.

The staff member who suspects an instance of plagiarism will report the situation to the convenor of the unit involved, or to the Head of Department (if the staff member in question is the convenor), or to any other person designated by the Head of Division as appropriate. After discussion, if the Chair agrees that the case warrants more than a warning, the student will be informed in writing of the nature of the complaint and given an opportunity to respond in writing. If the response indicates that there is a case to answer, it will be referred in writing to the Head of Division with a recommendation about a penalty.

The Head of Division may then call for further discussion, or sign off on the recommended penalty. This should be in writing.

Where the Head of Division feels the case is particularly serious or requires further investigation, the case may be referred to the Vice-Chancellor via the Registrar and Vice-Principal. The Vice-Chancellor may refer the case to the University Discipline Committee.

Under all circumstances where the Head of Division finds that plagiarism has occurred, a form will be added to the student's file. The student will be given the opportunity to add a comment to the record and will be asked to sign the form. A copy of the form will also be given to the student.

Penalties

Offences of plagiarism will attract penalties which may vary from counselling and a warning, the deduction of all marks for the assignment, to failure in the unit and reference to the University Discipline Committee. The penalty will depend upon the extent of the plagiarism, whether it is a first or repeated offence, whether there is evidence of deliberate deceit and whether advantage has been taken of another student. In all cases where an assignment is failed for plagiarism, the option of resubmission will not be offered.

Copyright

Students are also required to respect the laws of copyright, as set out in the 2000 Academic Manual:

The Copyright Act protects two principal categories of materials. The first is 'works' which includes literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works. Computer programs are defined as literary works. The second is 'subject matter other than works' which includes sound recordings, cinematograph films, television broadcasts and radio broadcasts.

The Act gives the right for a copyright owner to take legal action to prevent infringement and to seek compensation for infringement. In addition a person infringing copyright is liable to criminal prosecution. Staff and students need to be aware of the provisions of the Act and take care not to infringe these provisions. It is a staff member's responsibility to ensure that the provisions of the Act are observed. Copyright gives its owner exclusive rights over the subject matter. Rights vary according to subject matter but basically they include the right to copy, adapt, perform and broadcast the subject matter.

Exceptions to infringement: Single copies for research or study or for criticism or review

The 'fair dealing' provisions of the amended Act allow members of staff or students to make a single copy of a literary, dramatic or musical work or an adaptation of such a work for the purposes of research or study if:

• It consists of not more than a reasonable portion of the work, namely up to 10 per cent of the number of pages (being in total at least 10) or the whole or part of a single chapter, whichever is the greater; or
• The whole or part of an article in a periodical publication is copied or the whole or part of two or more articles contained in the same issue of a periodical which relate to the same subject matter are copied.

NB MHPG848/MIS748 Reader is available online at the top of the  ilearn page.  It is your most essential source for this course.

The alternate  recommended texts for this unit are  available at the Co-operative Bookshop. Choose any one. They will also be available in library reserve:

Anna Green and Kathleen Troup (eds), The Houses of History, Melbourne: Manchester University Press, 1999 OR

Robert Gildea and Anne Simonin (eds), Writing Contemporary History, London: Hodder Education, 2008 OR

Anne Curthoys and John Docker, Is History Fiction? UNSW Press, Sydney, Second edition, 2010 OR

The Modern Historiography Reader: Western sources edited by Adam Budd, Routledge,  London, 2010.

 Look also at HSC History Extension Source Book of Readings  which is available online at http://www.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/syllabus_hsc/pdf_doc/history_ext_readings.pdf

 Click on HSC syllabus, then H. The file is available in PDF or Word 97 format.

 (Available online on our homepage also).

The Oxford history of historical writing, edited by Axel Schneider and Daniel Woolf, Oxford, 2011, is available on Library reserve.

 You might like to look at the IHR site 'Making History'. for an introduction to the history of the historical profession. 

John Burrow's  A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from Herodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century is a much more detailed and complex history of history writing. As Keith Thomas wrote in his review: 'Any history book will tell its reader as much about the period in which it was written as about the period it seeks to describe. It cannot help being a cultural product, shot through with the values and mental assumptions of its time. That is why one should not discard it when it gets out of date and is superseded by another history. It may no longer be a reliable secondary source, but it can never cease to be a valuable primary one. An awareness that historical writing is as much a cultural activity as a developing science underpins John Burrow's large and absorbing new book.'

The first four texts are available from the Co-op bookstore on campus or via online ordering from the Coop bookstore. You may also be able to find secondhand copies online via vendors such as Amazon (http://www.amazon.com), Powells (http://www.powells.com)  AbeBooks (http://www.abebooks.com.au), or www.bookdepository.co.uk. The otehes will be available on reserve in the library.

Modern History Research Essay Marking Rubric

700 (MRES) level units

No work will be accepted for marking beyond end of semester unless you have submitted a request for special consideration with adequate and appropriate supporting evidence. Please note that requests for special consideration are not granted automatically, and are reserved for unforeseen and serious circumstances such as prolonged illness, hospitalisation or bereavement in your immediate family. Students granted special consideration will be awarded an incomplete grade.  If you believe that you qualify for special consideration, please contact the convenors as soon as is practically possible.

Prepared by Bridget Deane, authorized by the Department of Modern History and released June 2007

Writing a History essay is not just about writing a narrative, biography or chronology of an event, person or period of time:  It requires the construction of an argument in answer to the question posed. During research for your essay you will find that the evidence may suggest several answers to the question. You will therefore form your own opinion through evaluation and analysis of sources and this will be the basis of the argument put forward in your answer.

It is because of the emphasis on evaluation and analysis in the writing of history, that it is essential to acknowledge sources used in your work through the use of a referencing system. In the Department of Modern History either footnotes or endnotes are necessary, using the Chicago referencing style: http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/chicago.html

All students are expected to conform to this system.

Why reference?

§  It shows the person marking your work the sources that you have been accessing.

§  It establishes that your argument is one formed by knowledge of a range of authors’ opinions – use of this knowledge will make your argument stronger.

• It allows the reader to quickly identify and verify the sources you have used.
• Most importantly, it is how you recognise your intellectual debt to others.

When to footnote

• It is essential to footnote when you are making use of someone else's words, information or ideas as evidence for your argument.
• Failure to acknowledge this in your own work amounts to plagiarism, i.e., presenting another person's work as if it were your own.
• It is simply not acceptable to plagiarise, and any piece of work found to contain it will be failed automatically. For more information on Macquarie University's policy on plagiarism go to http://www/student.mq.edu.au/plagiarism/what
• Plagiarism can be avoided by using sources correctly.

Using sources in your essays

If you use another person's ideas or information in your essay then you need to acknowledge this use through referencing. Such material may be included in the following ways:

• Direct Quotation Using the author's exact words. They must be placed in quotation marks, with a footnote number at the end of the quotation.
• Paraphrase (indirect quotation) Rewriting someone else's ideas in your own words. The footnote number is placed at the end of the sentence.
• Summary (indirect quotation) Reference to an author's ideas or argument. Again, the footnote number is placed at the end of the sentence.

Quotations of more than forty words should be indented using single spacing, without quotation marks:

Some sources suggest that Britain was interested in colonizing NSW for commercial purposes; none of the plans for settlement of NSW, official or unofficial, omitted to mention trade or resource considerations.3

How to indent a quotation

Highlight the words you want to indent. Go to the Format menu and select Paragraph. Choose the Alignment–Left. Under Indents and Spacing adjust the Indentation for at least the left by the required length, for example 1.5cm. Check line spacing is set to single, then click on OK. You will need to reinstate normal format settings once you have created the indentation.

Other sources that need to be referenced

§     Images, figures, tables, graphs, maps and diagrams, frame enlargements from films.

§     Information from lectures – the lecturer's words, notes taken during the lecture, information from slides and overheads.

What does not need to be referenced

§     Common knowledge – information that is general and well known, that is, in the public domain. For example, the Second World War ended in 1945.

§     Your own ideas, arguments and visual materials.

If in doubt about whether to reference or not, ask the unit convenor for advice.

Preparing footnotes

• Footnotes appear at the bottom of each relevant page of your essay, whereas endnotes are located at the end of the document.
• Sometimes because of lack of space at the bottom of a page, Word will move footnotes over to the next page. Do not worry if this happens.
•  Titles of books, journals, etc, can either be underlined or written in italics, but not both.
• Punctuation and the use of capitals are important in footnotes, so pay attention to this in the examples below.

How to create a footnote or endnote using Microsoft Word

Go to the Insert menu and select Footnote (or in the 2003 version click Reference). Choose footnote or endnote. For endnotes you will need click on the options button at the bottom of the box and choose 1,2,3, in the number format, then press OK. Make sure the numbering is continuous and applies to the whole document.

Additional material in footnotes

The Department of Modern History discourages the placing of additional material in footnotes, as this indicates lack of editing and an attempt to get round the word limit. An exception is the inclusion of a translation of material included in the main text.

Footnotes

Different sources require different formats when creating footnotes as the examples below will show, but generally you need to include the following information:

Name of author

Title of the source

Name of the city and publisher of the source

Date of publication

Page number(s)

Books

1 Simon Ryan, The Cartographic Eye: How Explorers saw Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p.45.

Note that publication details are placed in brackets

Books with two authors

2 Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper, Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941 – 1945 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), p.30.

Four or more authors

3 Patricia Grimshaw etal., Creating a Nation. (Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia Ltd., 1996), p.79.

Multivolume work

4  Winston Churchill, A History of the English Speaking Peoples, vol. 2, The New World (London: Cassell, 1956), p.124.

Translation

5 Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies, trans. R. Brown Grant (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999), p. 48.

Chapter in an edited book

6 Gareth Wiliams, ‘Popular Culture and the Historians’ in Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline, ed. Peter Lambert and Phillipp Schofield (Abingdon: Routledge, 2004), p.260.

Journal articles

7 M.N. Pearson, “Pilgrims, Travellers, Tourist: the Meanings of Journeys.” Australian Cultural History 10 (1991): p.127.

Electronic journal articles

8 Georg Iggers, "Historiography from a Global Perspective," History and Theory 43, no. 1 (2004), http://www.blackwell.synergy.com/doi/abs, p.149

Book reviews

9 Colin Seymour-Ure, review of World War II in Cartoons, by Mark Bryant, History Today, 55, no. 9 (September 2005): p.55.

Citing a source read in another source

10 Paul Keating quoted in Richard Connaughton, Japan’s War on Mainland Australia 1942-1944 (London: Brassey’s, 1994), p.11.

Unpublished manuscript material

11  John David Booth, Papers, 1984-1990, MLMSS7332, State Library of NSW, Sydney

Information from a lecture

12 Jane Smith, “Women Politicians of the Twentieth Century” (Lecture given at Macquarie University, NSW, March 7, 2005).

13 Jane Smith, “Women Politicians of the Twentieth Century” (Lecture slide, Macquarie University, NSW, March 7, 2005).

Theses and dissertations

14 Robert Firestone, "The Australian Garden City: a planning history 1910-1930" (Ph.D., thesis, Macquarie University, 1984), p.12.

Internet sources

References for internet sources must give the author and/or title of the material and the URL (website address) to enable the reader to find the source easily. It is optional to provide the date on which you accessed the source online. Not all website sources are reliable – for guidance on how to assess sources on the internet go to Macquarie University Library’s ‘Evaluating Information on the Internet’ at

http://www.lib.mq.wdu.au/find/evaluate.html

15 “Australians at War: First World War 1914-1918,” Australian War Memorial, available from http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/ww1.htm

Audio-visual sources

16 Steven Spielberg, Schindler's List, (Universal Pictures, 1993)

Note that the inclusion of the production or distribution company is not compulsory. If you are engaged in intensive film analysis it will be of great assistance to the reader of your work if you specify the chapter or minute mark.

Newspapers and magazines

17 M. Lake, "The Howard History of Australia," The Age, 20 August 2005, p.5.

For unsigned articles:

18  “History with a Raw Edge,” Sydney Morning Herald, November 10, 2003, p.12.

If you access the newspaper or magazine online you must include the URL address.

Images, figures, maps, etc

Every image, figure or map used should be provided with a caption naming the source of the illustration and title:

From a book:

Map: The Religious Complexion of Europe in the Period c. 1555-8

Source: Euan Cameron, The European Reformation. New York: Oxford University Press,1991.

For works of art include the name of the artist and title of the work and source:

Herbert Badham, The Swimming Enclosure, 1941.

Source: State Library of NSW, Sydney

Note that these sources do not need to be included in your bibliography.

Second and later references

After the first, full reference of a source you can then use an abbreviated version in your footnotes or endnotes:

16Simon Ryan, The Cartographic Eye; How Explorers saw Australia  

    (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p.45.

  17 Ryan, The Cartographic Eye, p.67.

OR

When referring to a source more than once you may use ibid in your footnotes when the work is the same as the one above it:

16 Simon Ryan, The Cartographic Eye; How Explorers saw Australia  

    (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p.45.

17 Ibid., p.67

Bibliography

At the end of your essay list all the books, articles and other sources in alphabetical order of author’s family name. You can divide the bibliography into sections, i.e. primary and secondary sources.

Note that a bibliography is required in addition to footnotes or endnotes. Formats used for bibliographical entries are different from those used for references.

Books

Ryan, Simon. The Cartographic Eye; How Explorers saw Australia. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Books with two authors

Bayly, Christopher and Tim Harper. Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941 – 1945. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.

Four or more authors

Grimshaw, Patricia, Marilyn Lake, Ann McGrath, and Marian Quartly. Creating a Nation. Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia Ltd., 1996.

Multivolume work

Churchill, Winston. A History of the English Speaking Peoples. Vol. 2, The New World. London: Cassell, 1956.

Translation

de Pizan, Christine. The Book of the City of Ladies. Translated by R. Brown Grant. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1999.

Note that for the bibliographical entries for chapters, journal articles and electronic journal articles you need to include the full page range of the text. For footnotes and endnotes just the page number is cited.

Chapter in an edited book

 Williams, Gareth. "Popular Culture and the Historians" in Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline, edited by Peter Lambert and Phillipp Schofield, Abingdon: Routledge, 2004, pp.257-268.

Journal articles

Pearson, M.N. “Pilgrims, Travellers, Tourist: the Meanings of Journeys.” Australian Cultural History 10 (1991): pp.125-134.

Electronic journal articles

Iggers, Georg. "Historiography from a Global Perspective," History and Theory 43, no. 1 (2004) http://www.blackwell.synergy.com/doi/abs: pp.146-154.

Book reviews

Colin, Seymour-Ure. Review of World War II in Cartoons, by Mark Bryant, History Today, 55, no. 9 (September 2005): pp.55-56.

Source read in another source

Keating, Paul, quoted in Richard Connaughton, Japan’s War on Mainland Australia 1942-1944. London: Brassey’s, 1994.

Unpublished manuscript material

John David Booth, Papers, 1984-1990, MLMSS7332, State Library of NSW, Sydney

Information from a lecture

Smith, Jane. “Women Politicians of the Twentieth Century.” Lecture given at Macquarie University, NSW, March 7, 2005.

Smith, Jane. “Women Politicians of the Twentieth Century.” Lecture slide, Macquarie University, NSW, March 7, 2005.

Thesis and dissertations

Firestone, Robert. "The Australian Garden City: A Planning History 1910-1930." Ph.D., Thesis, Macquarie University, 1984.

Internet source

“Australians at War: First World War 1914-1918.” Australian War Memorial. http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/ww1.htm

Audio-visual sources

Spielberg, Steven. Schindler's List. Universal Pictures, 1993.

Newspapers and magazines

Lake, Marilyn. "The Howard History of Australia." The Age, August 20, 2005.

For unsigned articles put the name of the newspaper first:

Sydney Morning Herald, “History with a Raw Edge,” November 10, 2003.

Further information on referencing and compiling bibliographies

For further information on referencing and compiling bibliographies, including sources not mentioned here, the following books will be useful:

Jules R. Benjamin, A Student’s Guide to History, 8^th edition, (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001)

Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers (Canberra: AGPS,1994)

The Chicago Manual of Style, 15^th edition, (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2003)

Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide available online at

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

You can also access Citation and Style Guides through the Macquarie University Library Website at

http://www.library.mq.edu.au/readyref/cites.html