LECTURES

Two one hour lectures are held on most Wednesday from 12-2 pm. Lectures are designed to provide you with a framework with which to focus your study of the subject and are an essential and important component of the unit. They are by no means exhaustive on each and every topic, and you are expected to supplement them by reading especially from the textbook but also from the current journals, where the most up-to-date information can be found. There is a reading list for you to use as a starting point later in this document, and additional material will be referred to during the lecture program. Lecture slides are available on-line through https://ilearn.mq.edu.au/ login/MQ for viewing and/or printing. Ilectures are not available for this course, audio will not be recorded. It is your responsibility to keep up to date with lecture content. DO NOT MISS LECTURES!! For the first time in this unit we will be conducting some semi-flipped classroom activities so that some of your learning is conducted at home and some of your understanding conducted in its place in the lecture time. This makes it even more important that lectures and pracs are not missed. 

PRACTICALS

Practicals are held most weeks on Fridays at 2 pm for 3-4 hours. Each student must attend all practical sessions, held in E5A240. Most practicals will have no take-home component but students must demonstrate understanding of the topics and mastery of the skills introduced before being allowed to leave. Practical classes comprise a practical exercise, including numerical analysis, examination of rocks and sediments or local fieldwork. Practicals provide greater depth to the related lecture materials and are designed to assist learning by encouraging your active participation. The venue of the practical classes varies (see Unit schedule). Important material for the practical classes is included in the practical book. Additional material may be posted on ilearn for download. Each student must bring the appropriate equipment to the practical session and pre-read the practical description. Equipment may include; overhead transparencies, permanent FINE overhead pen (red or green preferably), drawing pencils (2B, HB, 2H), coloured pencils, ruler, sharpener, eraser, protractor, calculator, field note book. You should also wear appropriate clothes for the laboratory and field: closed shoes, sun protection etc.

FIELDWORK

There are two compulsory fieldtrips for all students: 17th March and 24-29th April. Fieldwork forms an essential component of this unit and therefore all students must attend. These trips include one day/half day long field trip to Narrabeen Lagoon in Week 3, and a mid-semester field trip from 24-29th April to Nerrandera. The assignments and fieldtrips are described in detail elsewhere in this unit guide. Equipment and safety issues for field work are described in the fieldwork section.

ASSESSMENTS

There are 4 assessments overall with different percentage weightings. The first two assessments (Proxies and Field report) must be submitted electronically using Turnitin (follow links in ilearn for submission) - there will be no hard copy submissions - see assessments section for further details

PROBLEM SOLVING QUEST

A private or team study quest to practice problem solving skills and create environmental detectives. At the end of each lecture series an environmental problem will be presented that needs to be solved, the answers can be entered into ilearn at home producing a clue - these clues can be combined to form the location of the quest - further details will be provided in the first lecture.

LIGHTENING PRESENTATIONS

Each student will be expected to present a 1 minute presentation (with no notes) to their peers on an important topic in Quaternary Science. The presentations will not be graded but will be helpful for developing essential communication skills and understanding of the topic areas. They will be conducted on the week-long fieldtrip

PEER REVIEW

All students will be given the opportunity to mark fellow student assignments (for assignment 1), and assess the final presentations (assignment 3) this will contribute a small proportion to the final grades. You will be assessed on your scores provided by your peers.

60 SECOND SCIENCE

A short 60 s video to be watched before each lecture (preferably just before the lecture starts) - designed to stimulate provoke and engage you on the chosen topic or concept to aid understanding in the lecture.

VODCAST CHALLENGE

You will be expected to produce a short 1-2 min video on your site using basic editing software. Videos will be presented on the last day of the fieldtrip

ESSENTIAL READINGS

There is no specific essential reading for this topic – but you will need to read widely in order to have the background necessary to achieve a good understanding of the topic. However, the following texts are suggested as being valuable reading and will be referred to during lectures. You are not required to purchase them, but may find them useful.  There are some copies in the library, which have been placed in special reserve so everyone can have access:

• Global Environments through the Quaternary, Anderson, D., Goudie A.S., Parker, A.G., 2007. Oxford University Press
• Reconstructing Quaternary Environments, JJ Lowe Walker, MJC.  2^nd Edition.
• Quaternary Environments. Martin Williams, David Dunkerley, Patrick De Deckker, Peter Kershaw, John Chappell. 1998. Arnold.
• Quaternary Geochronology, Noller, JS., Sowers JS Lettis WR 2000. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC
• Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science, Elias, S.A. (Ed.), 2007. Elsevier, London (Electronic resources in MQ library – each article can be downloaded)
• Tectonic Geomorphology Burbank DW, Anderson RS. 2001. Blackwell Scientific: Oxford

 If you have not already done so, you should invest in a Dictionary of Physical Geography, available in the bookshop.

To keep up with lecture materials and also some of the practical classes and the fieldtrips you should read all ‘essential text’ BEFORE the lectures each week. Start with these chapters as a foundation then supplement your reading with the listed journal references when you have some spare time. MORE READING = BETTER UNDERSTANDING. Key journals for this course include:

 Quaternary Science Reviews

Journal of Quaternary Science

Quaternary International

Quaternary Research

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Nature Geoscience

Journal of Human Evolution

You will require access to a computer for parts of this unit. The university has now changed its online system to iLearn – you will need to make yourself familiar with this system – student guides can be found at http://mq.edu.au/iLearn/studentinfo.htm. You can gain access to the Powerpoint slides used for each lecture by visiting the iLearn page for ENVS340 (https://ilearn.mq.edu.au/login/MQ/ - login with your Macquarie OneID username and password).  Please note: Audio lecture recordings in ilecture will not be available for this unit – it is your responsibility to come to the lectures or catch up on material missed. This iLearn site will be used by staff to outline course content week by week, to post video clips, to send reminders and notices concerning fieldtrips, practical classes and lectures, and to keep in contact with students. You should check the site regularly, especially the day before lectures/pracs. There is also capacity for discussion between students; please feel free to use this to discuss issues relating to any aspect of the unit and environmental change in general.  For specific questions on the lecturers, either post them on iLearn or email them directly (see front cover).

 In addition to iLearn we will be trialling a new student and teacher ‘clicker’ (Socrative – m.socrative.com) to facilitate rapid student responses during the lecture. Everyone is encouraged to participate – all it requires is a SMART phone, laptop, tablet or ipad with a connection to the internet (all web enabled devices can be used) – if everyone has a device then a short ‘exit’ quiz will used at the end of most lectures to test understanding.

 The first assessment will be submitted through Turnitin that can be accessed through a link in iLearn.Turnitin is a paperless grading system whereby your assignments will be submitted online and marked by staff online, and feedback will be given online via electronic comments, custom marks and even by voice comments. The staff marking will be provided with the exact time and date of submission, an overlay of the assignment, and access to the originality checker (via the Turnitin software – please read notes on plagiarism very carefully). Your resulting grades and feedback can be found at the Turnitin site (linked to ilearn).

WORKLOAD

ENVS340 is a 3 credit point unit and, according to University guidelines, you should spend at least 9 hours on the unit each week, or 135 hours over the 15 week semester.  The following is a guideline as to how that time should be spent:                                               

 * Although the online University Timetable indicates the practical will run for 4 hours, the average will be ~3 hours

Your own study time for ENVS340 should therefore be a minimum of an additional 1.5 hours per week (for 13 weeks).  Simply attending lectures and practical classes is not enough to guarantee a good grade.

LIBRARY RESEARCH RESOURCES

The Library provides a range of learning opportunities aimed at developing student capabilities in research and information technology.  Topics covered include:

computer essentials

navigating the Macquarie University website

getting started in your online unit

using the library catalogue and e-readings to locate key references

using research databases to find journal articles

locating scholarly information on the Internet

effective searching of the Internet

You can choose to learn online or at face-to-face session in the library.

More information is available at:  (http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/training/).   Follow the links to Training

FINDING RELEVANT SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS

While you should begin with the readings listed below, wander through the GB, S590 and QE sections of the library (in particular).  You are especially encouraged to keep an eye on the current journals, where the most up-to-date information can be found.  Particular attention should be placed on the journals Earth Surface Processes and Landforms and Geomorphology.  Don’t be scared to bring journal articles to our attention – we are always ready to chat about such things!

 Additional journals that you are encouraged to 'keep your eye on' are listed below.  Recent years of many of these titles are available on-line.  Go to ‘Journal Search’ on the Library web page and follow directions.  Usually, papers can be downloaded and printed freely.

FINDING RELEVANT SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

In addition to the journal papers we have listed below, there are many more papers, especially recent and overseas papers, which you may find have valuable information for your reports. To find relevant papers you should become familiar with the searchable databases available through the library web page.  From the main Library page, go to ‘Databases’ and try these:

• Science Direct
• Web of Science (also called ISI Web of Science)
• SCOPUS
• INGENTA
• GEORef

And enter search terms (e.g. ice cores, speleothems). There are many other environmental and biological databases as well.  For example, Google Scholar (see the Google search page) is also a good search engine for scientific papers.

 All databases are slightly different and it’s often worth trying more than one.  Once you have found the details (often including the abstract) you will probably need to go back to the journal (use ‘journal search’ on the library page) to find and download the paper.

 Note: Many of the readings (scientific papers) are available online from the library’s e-reserve page for ENVS340 (http://www.lib.mq.edu/borrowing/ereserve.php)

ENVS340 AND THE EARTH SURFACE SCIENCE PROGRAM AT MACQUARIE

ENVS340 -formely ENVE340 is one of the core 300-level unit in Earth Surface Science (formerly Geoecology), and alongside ENVS 339 (Fluvial Geomorphology and River Management), ENVS 338 (Environmental Quality, capstone), ENVS 341 (Advanced Environmental Earth Science) make up the requirements for a major in Environmental Earth Science. Other units that are suggested as part of an Environmental Earth Science program include ENVS 361 (Environmental Management) and ENVS 382 (Environmental Analysis Using GIS), and ENVE 389 (Special interest seminar).

Earth Surface Science aims to describe the diverse physical processes found at the earth’s surface and the connections between them. This area lies at the nexus between earth systems and biological systems – it is often concerned with landscapes and the landforms, sediments and soils within them but also, and crucially, the interaction of plants and animals in directing processes and shaping habitat.  Earth Surface Science combines aspects of Geomorphology, Soil Science, Natural Hazards, Environmental Management and Ecology. As a consequence, graduates gain skills essential for management of natural resources, including rural rivers and lands, and highly altered landscapes, including urban environments and mining areas.

Graduates of the Earth Surface Science major are in a wide range of workplaces including: environmental and geotechnical consultancies, local government (environmental officers), state government departments (Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources; Environment and Conservation), National Parks and Wildlife Service, Sydney Water, mining companies (environmental officers), teaching (primary and secondary) and research.

 This major is offered within the Bachelor programs of Science and Environment.  It is highly compatible with a double major in Environmental Management, SIS, Climate Science, Ecology, Environmental Geology, Marine Science and Museum Studies.  Depending on your own goals you may decide to combine EES units with other fields e.g. geology, atmospheric science, biology, Geographic Information Science (GIS).  

CHANGES TO THIS UNIT IN 2016

 In 2010 this unit changed from a 4cp to a 3cp, as well as changing code from GEOS337 to ENVE377 and in 2011 changed to ENVE340 due to curriculum changes. In order to meet the workload requirements of the reduced credit point load, we have changed the unit by reducing the number of lectures, the number of practical classes and the time demands of the field trip assignment. However we feel that we are still trying to get the balance right – and that is partly because we need to get more information on how long each of the assessment tasks takes to complete. We will seek your feedback to try and make sure this is manageable. In response to feedback last year the first assignment has reduced percentages for peer review assessment. In addition the practicals are now completed in class rather than requiring extra work at home, but the hand-in sheet allows you to still be assessed for this work.

FIELDWORK

Weather: We never cancel fieldtrips for bad weather!  You must be prepared to work in the rain with the appropriate clothing and waterproof notebooks.  Likewise you should always protect yourself from the sun and dehydration.

Transport: You will need to arrange your own transport for the Narrabeen field day in Week 3. Ideally you should arrange to drive to each site with several other students from your practical class. We will provide a bus for the mid-semester field trip.

Arrival: Narrabeen day trip: We will meet at the parking area at a time to be announced on the northern side of the Wakehurst Parkway, to the east of the bridge across Deep Creek.

Nerrandera: We will meet in the compound behind E5A, at 7 am on the 24th of April. We will arrange accommodation bookings.

Cost: You must cover your own food and accommodation, the University will cover the transport costs.  We have booked accommodation on behalf of the group, and you will need to use the payment slips at the rear of the book before the trip – amount is to be advised.

Accommodation: Field accommodation is in a caravan Park in Nerrandera. There will be communal kitchens, dining, bathroom/toilet and work areas with limited power.  You should bring (apart from the gear listed below) a sleeping bag, pillow and towel. The cost is the same no matter what accommodation option you choose (amount to be advised).

Departure: Narrabeen day trip: we aim to depart Narrabeen lakes no later than 4pm.

Mid semester field trip: we will aim to depart in time to return to the University by 6 pm on Sunday night. However, given the distance involved this time should be considered an aim rather than an absolute.

We will be working in a remote environment – both remote from help and in a regional part of Australia, so you will not be able to buy any equipment after departing Sydney.

 What we will provide:

• tape measures, augers, spades, soil kits, GPS, geological hammer, grain size card, safety equipment.

 Personal field equipment required (i.e. you will need to buy and bring it)

• sturdy shoes (‘no visible skin below the ankles’)- sandals, thongs, or high heels are for après-field activities
• water bottle (full, of course!)
• wet weather gear - we go whatever the weather! If it rains at Kosi it will get very, very muddy, so at least two sets of old clothes are recommended.
• hat (with a wide brim, front and back) and sunscreen
• field note book and pencils (see note below)
• calculator, hand lens
• camera
• your lunch, drinks & snacks for the day - we do not stop at shops!!!
• a back pack to store it all in

 If you have a laptop computer you may find it useful for compiling data while in the field. It is not essential that everyone bring a laptop, but at least one per group is suggested. At least two will be available for loan from Environmental Science (but competition for them might be high).

Other personal items for the mid-semester field trip

sleeping bag and sheet – may be necessary for the shearers quarters – we will inform you closer to the departure date.

cooking/eating – no utensils necessary; but we will cook in the cabins.

towel/toiletries – bring these

food – there will be limited opportunities to purchase food, but the accommodation should have fridges. Expect to stock up on the drive to Wirroona. However, it is feasible that the local supermarket at Dubbo might not have the exact brand of exotic spice/unusual vegetable/vegan expresso chocolate that you covet, so if you can’t go without for the week bring it along with you. Be a bit sensible here though as it’s a long drive in a small minibus… 

FIELD NOTE BOOK:  Each student MUST purchase a small hardcover notebook for use in the field.  It should be bound down the spine on the left side, or across the top (but NOT spiral bound).  Use only ball-point pen, felt tip pen will run in wet weather and pencil will smudge or rip wet paper.  The best, and most expensive, option is a waterproof ‘rite-in-the-rain’ notebook. Write your personal details on the first page, and a table of contents inside the front cover.  On each field day, write the date and project title, the site details, and all observations and measurements, including details of methodology. 

 It is important that you get into the habit of writing thorough, accurate and legible notes at the outset - after all, if you are an expert witness for some environmental issue, your notebook can be tendered as evidence in legal proceedings, either in the Land and Environment court or at a Commission of Inquiry. Get into the practice of structuring your notebook at the start of each exercise and continually taking notes.  Do not depend on others, unless prescribed roles are allocated and this is one of the designated tasks.

SAFETY IN THE FIELD AND LABORATORY

 Any student who has a disability that may limit their participation in field work or that could result in a medical emergency in the field should notify the unit convenor immediately.  As a general guide to the level of physical fitness required, you should be able to walk 10 km over open undulating terrain in 3 hours.

 Each student must ensure his/her own safety at all times during field excursions.

•Do not undertake fieldwork alone.  You must work with at least one other person.

•You must be adequately equipped to undertake fieldwork, including wet weather clothing, warm clothing, hat and sun protection, protective footware (closed toe boots or shoes).

•You should bring a first aid kit if you have one (they will be provided to each group).

•Do not undertake any activity you feel to be unsafe.  Discuss with the fieldtrip leader any concerns you have about particular tasks.

•Be watchful of the safety of your fellow students, if they become separated from the group or are at some other risk.  Tell the fieldtrip leader as soon as you notice a potentially dangerous situation.

Laboratory work in this unit does not involve hazardous chemicals.  Nevertheless, in the laboratory you must wear safe (closed) footwear and generally follow safe practice.  Where items of equipment are to be used, do not use them until you have received adequate training.

All assessment tasks will be assessed according to the following criteria:

• level of accuracy and detail in description.
• use of terminology
• presentation
• use of resources
• use of theoretical concepts to support your evaluation

 Other specific criteria are given with each Practical and Assignment description elsewhere in this book.

Each assessment item will be returned to you with a letter grade (HD, D, Cr, P, PC, F) determined by the marker according to the University’s guidelines.

 Academic Senate has a set of guidelines on the distribution of grades across the range from fail to high distinction.  Your final result will include one of these grades plus a standardised numerical grade (SNG). On occasion your raw mark for a unit (i.e. the total of your marks for each assessment item) may not be the same as the SNG which you receive.  Under the Senate guidelines, results may be scaled to ensure that there is a degree of comparability across the university, so that units with the same past performances of their students should achieve similar results. It is important that you realise that the policy does not require that a minimum number of students are to be failed in any unit.  In fact it does something like the opposite, in requiring examiners to explain their actions if more than 20% of students fail in a unit. The process of scaling does not change the order of marks among students.  A student who receives a higher raw mark than another will also receive a higher final scaled mark. For an explanation of the policy see: http://www.mq.edu.au/senate/MQUonly/Issues/Guidelines2003.doc or http://www.mq.edu.au/senate/MQUonly/Issues/detailedguidelines.doc

 Grades for each assessment item and for the unit as a whole will be awarded according to the following general criteria:

Penalty for Late Submission. There is no room for lateness! However, if you should hand in some component late you will be penalised 10% each day. Come and see us before handing in late to discuss options

Extensions. There is no room for extensions either.  However, if something comes up you must discuss an extension with a staff member before the deadline.

What is required to complete this unit satisfactorily?

·         Attendance: make the most of the opportunities available to you: attend lectures and practicals and the two fieldtrips.  You may only submit assessment items based on practicals and fieldwork if you attended those sessions.

·         Assignments: you must hand in/complete ALL the assessment tasks to complete the unit

·         Attitude: look, read, ask, discuss, debate, enjoy

·         Quality: your assessment items will be graded according to your achievement of the learning outcomes.  We are looking for deep understanding as well as competence in particular skills of data collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation.

·         Honesty and sharing: you will often work in groups in the field and the laboratory but all the assessment tasks are individual.  Group data must be shared freely but presentation, writing up and interpretation are to be the efforts of each individual. Macquarie's procedures relating to plagiarism can be found at http://www.student.mq.edu.au/plagiarism/

·         Macquarie University has a range of policies that relate to learning and teaching, including

o    - assessment

o    - unit guide

o    - special consideration

o    They can be found at Policy Central (http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/).

 1. Assessment: 1 (10%)

• During the practical in week 2 you will be provided with three data sets; a terrestrial, an ice record and a marine record.

Further information on this assessment is provided in the practical

 Assessment rubric

2. Field Report (25%)

 This report is based on the mid-semester fieldtrip, the preparatory practical sessions, post-fieldwork data analysis and your own reading and research on the topic.  You will develop your own question that you must address in your report, tailoring the presentation and discussion of your results to answer the question and placing them within a context revealed by your readings.  The report should be presented in the format of scientific report, with a high standard of presentation (clarity and accuracy, not necessarily ‘pretty’), with diagrams, maps, graphs and tables (as appropriate) and standard scientific citation and referencing.  You will be provided with some essential and useful readings for these reports but you should also undertake your own research of the primary scientific literature. This report will be broken up into two parts: group results and individual interpretations. It is expected that you will share results between members of your group (and others where applicable). However, you should produce your own interpretations based on this data. This includes generating your own diagrams, graphs etc. Further details on how to prepare this field report will be provided during the field trip.

3. Oral Presentation (25%)

Each group will present oral presentation on their topic that compiles the results and that your group has gathered and the conclusions reached. You are welcome to use a variety of resources (e.g. props such as examples of sediments, powerpoint slides) to present your material. The primary emphasis of the presentations should be the laboratory examinations, but the presentation should refer to field sites and data to provide a context for these results, and to broaden their meaning and interpretation. Each group member is required to present for 5 minutes. The quality of your portion of the presentation – i.e. how well communicated the material delivered to your audience (coherence, audibility, use of resources, ability to answer questions) and your scientific insight into the material presented will form 50% of your grade for this presentation. A further 40% will be allocated for your group as a whole. This will be based on the accuracy and relevance of your group’s results and how well the talks from your group are integrated to tell the overall story. 10% will be awarded for the quality of questions you ask of the other groups.

Assessment Rubric (individual)

Assessment Rubric (group)

4. Examination (40%)

 The exam will be scheduled in the regular University examination period.  The exam is 3 hours in length and will cover all subjects covered in the lectures, practicals and fieldtrips.  There is a combination of short answer and longer (short essay) style questions.  As this is only the second time this unit has run, only last years exam papers are available but example questions will be discussed during the final lecture.