Students

STAT379 – Operations Research II

2014 – S2 Evening

General Information

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Unit convenor and teaching staff Unit convenor and teaching staff Unit Convenor and Lecturer
Tania Prvan
Contact via 9850 8561
E4A 531
Wednesday 4pm - 6pm
Lecturer
David Bulger
Contact via 9850 8546
E4A 538
Credit points Credit points
3
Prerequisites Prerequisites
39cp including STAT279(P)
Corequisites Corequisites
Co-badged status Co-badged status
Unit description Unit description
This unit complements STAT279 with the main emphasis again being on application of techniques to problems which arise in business and industry. Students are expected to use a computer package to find solutions to formulated problems. Topics include integer programming (modelling, branch-and-bound), goal programming, inventory models, decision analysis, game theory, and Markov Processes.

Important Academic Dates

Information about important academic dates including deadlines for withdrawing from units are available at https://www.mq.edu.au/study/calendar-of-dates

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:

  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

General Assessment Information

A record of tutorial attendance and submission of homework will be kept. Please note that homework must be handed in at the beginning of the tutorial.

Assignments must be submitted in pdf format online via iLearn by 2 pm on the due date. This can be done in Word or using freeware such as Cute PDF Writer. There is no "group work" assessment in this unit. All work is to be the student's own. Students who have not submitted the assignment prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for Disruption of Studies is made and approved. This application must be made within five working days of the due date of the assignment.

There are five 10 minute quizzes held during the lecture in Week 3, Week 5, Week 6, Week 9, and Week 13. Failure to attempt a Quiz without will result in zero marks being awarded for that Quiz unless an application for Disruption of Studies is made within 5 working days of the missed quiz and has been approved. Please note there are no supplementary quizzes.

There is one Class Test. Failure to attempt the Class Test will result in zero marks being awarded unless an application for Disruption of Studies is submitted within 5 working days of the missed Class Test and has been approved. Please note that there is no supplementary Class Test.

The final examination will be held during the end-of-year Examination period. The final Examination is 3 hours long (with an additional 10 minutes' reading time). The final examination covers all topics in the unit. Students may take into the final examination ONE A4 page of notes handwritten (not typed) on BOTH sides. Calculators will be needed but must not be of the text/programmable type.

 

Assessment Tasks

Name Weighting Due
Tutorial Participation 5% Weekly
Assignment 1 5% 29 August 2014
Assignment 2 5% 17 October 2014
Assignment 3 5% 7 November 2014
Final Examination 50% TBA
Class Test 20% Week 7 Tutorials
Quiz 1 2% Week 3 Lecture
Quiz 2 2% Week 5 Lecture
Quiz 3 2% Week 6 Lecture
Quiz 4 2% Week 9 Lecture
Quiz 5 2% Week 13 Lecture

Tutorial Participation

Due: Weekly
Weighting: 5%

To obtain full marks you need to participate in every tutorial and hand in one handwritten page from your homework solutions at the beginning of each tutorial.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Assignment 1

Due: 29 August 2014
Weighting: 5%

Assignments must be submitted in pdf format online via iLearn by 2 pm on the due date. This can be done in Word or using freeware such as Cute PDF Writer. There is no "group work" assessment in this unit. All work is to be the student's own. Students who have not submitted the assignment prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for Disruption to Studies is made and approved.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.

Assignment 2

Due: 17 October 2014
Weighting: 5%

Assignments must be submitted in pdf format online via iLearn by 2 pm on the due date. This can be done in Word or using freeware such as Cute PDF Writer. There is no "group work" assessment in this unit. All work is to be the student's own.  Students who have not submitted the assignment prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for Disruption to Studies is made and approved.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.

Assignment 3

Due: 7 November 2014
Weighting: 5%

Assignments must be submitted in pdf format online via iLearn by 2 pm on the due date. This can be done in Word or using freeware such as Cute PDF Writer. There is no "group work" assessment in this unit. All work is to be the student's own.  Students who have not submitted the assignment prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for Disruption to Studies is made and approved.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Final Examination

Due: TBA
Weighting: 50%

The final examination will be held during the end-of-year Examination period. The final Examination is 3 hours long (with an additional 10 minutes' reading time).

The final examination covers all topics in the unit. Students may take into the final examination ONE A4 page of notes handwritten (not typed) on BOTH sides. Calculators will be needed but must not be of the text/programmable type.

You are expected to present yourself for the examination at the time and place designated in the University Examination Timetable. The timetable will be available in draft form approximately eight weeks before the commencement of examinations.

The only exemptions to sitting the Examination at the designated time are because of documented illness or unavoidable disruption. In these circumstances you may wish to consider applying for Disruption to Studies. Information about unavoidable disruption and the special consideration process is available at

http://students.mq.edu.au/student_admin/exams/disruption_to_studies/

Students need to apply for Disruption to Studies online at https://ask.mq.edu.au

If a Supplementary Examination is granted as a result of the Disruption to Studies process the examination will be scheduled after the conclusion of the examination period.

NOTE: Disruption to Studies will only be granted to students whose performance in all parts of the coursework is satisfactory.

You are advised that it is Macquarie University policy not to set early examinations for individuals or groups of students. All students are expected to ensure that they are available until the end of the teaching semester; that is, the final day of the examination period.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Class Test

Due: Week 7 Tutorials
Weighting: 20%

This will be held during the week 7 tutorials.

Permitted materials for the class test are a calculator, lecture notes, assignments, assignment solutions, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. There is no computer access during the class test.  No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones) apart from non-programmable calculators.

Failure to attend the test without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the test) will result in zero marks being awarded for the test. The test is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary class tests.

The procedure for submitting a Disruption to Studies online can be obtained by visiting ask.mq.edu.au.

The Class Test covers lecture material from Weeks 1 - 6 inclusive and will be of 45 minutes duration. 


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.

Quiz 1

Due: Week 3 Lecture
Weighting: 2%

Ten minutes during the lecture. Permitted materials for the quizzes are calculator, lecture notes, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. No textbooks are permitted. No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones).

Failure to attempt Quiz 1 without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the quiz) will result in zero marks being awarded for Quiz 1. Quiz 1 is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary Quiz 1.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.

Quiz 2

Due: Week 5 Lecture
Weighting: 2%

Ten minutes during the lecture. Permitted materials for the quizzes are calculator, lecture notes, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. No textbooks are permitted. No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones).

Failure to attempt Quiz 2 without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the test) will result in zero marks being awarded for Quiz 2. Quiz 2 is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary Quiz 2.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.

Quiz 3

Due: Week 6 Lecture
Weighting: 2%

Ten minutes during the lecture. Permitted materials for the quizzes are calculator, lecture notes, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. No textbooks are permitted. No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones).

Failure to attempt Quiz 3 without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the test) will result in zero marks being awarded for Quiz 3. Quiz 3 is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary Quiz 3.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.

Quiz 4

Due: Week 9 Lecture
Weighting: 2%

Ten minutes during the lecture. Permitted materials for the quizzes are calculator, lecture notes, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. No textbooks are permitted. No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones).

Failure to attempt Quiz 4 without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the test) will result in zero marks being awarded for Quiz 4. Quiz 4 is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary Quiz 4.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.

Quiz 5

Due: Week 13 Lecture
Weighting: 2%

Ten minutes during the lecture. Permitted materials for the quizzes are calculator, lecture notes, homework solutions and tutorial solutions. No textbooks are permitted. No electronic devices are allowed (e.g. iPhones, iPads, tablets, laptops, mobile phones).

Failure to attempt Quiz 5 without relevant documentation to explain the absence (submitted as a Disruption to Studies request online within 5 working days of the test) will result in zero marks being awarded for Quiz 5. Quiz 5 is compulsory and there will be NO supplementary Quiz 5.


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Delivery and Resources

There are 3 hours of lectures and 1 tutorial each week in this unit. Lectures and tutorials commence in Week 1. Lecture material will be put up on iLearn.

Technologies used and required

Lecture material will be placed on iLearn. Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Excel Add-in Solver will be used in some of the lectures. Students will need to use a calculator for the final examination and some of the other assessments. Students will need to use Microsoft Excel and the Microsoft Excel Add-in Solver. All assignments must be word processed and converted to pdf files for online submission in iLearn. Cute PDF Writer (freewarre) can create pdf files from any printable document. Alternatively you can save the Word document as a PDF.

What has changed?

Five quizzes, worth 2% each, will held during the lecture in Week 3, Week 5, Week 6, Week 9, and Week 13.

Unit Schedule

Week Topic
1 (4 August) Inventory Models
2 (11 August) Inventory Models
3 (18 August)

Inventory Models

Markov Processes

4 (25 August) Markov Processes
5 (1 September) Game Theory
6 (8 September) Game Theory
7 (15 September) Integer Programming
8 (7 October) Integer Programming
9 (13 October) Integer Programming
10 (20 October) Decision Making
11 (27 October) Decision Making
12 (3 November)

Decision Making

13 (10 November) Revision

 

Learning and Teaching Activities

Inventory Models

Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.

Markov Processes

Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.

Game Theory

Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.

Integer Programming

Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables, using a computer package to obtain the solution, as well as being able to interpret the output and give a conclusion.

Decision Making

Know about decision making under uncertainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy under different situations.

Policies and Procedures

Macquarie University policies and procedures are accessible from Policy Central. Students should be aware of the following policies in particular with regard to Learning and Teaching:

Academic Honesty Policy http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/academic_honesty/policy.html

Assessment Policy  http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/assessment/policy.html

Grading Policy http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/grading/policy.html

Grade Appeal Policy http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/gradeappeal/policy.html

Grievance Management Policy http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/grievance_management/policy.html

Disruption to Studies Policy http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/disruption_studies/policy.html The Disruption to Studies Policy is effective from March 3 2014 and replaces the Special Consideration Policy.

In addition, a number of other policies can be found in the Learning and Teaching Category of Policy Central.

Student Code of Conduct

Macquarie University students have a responsibility to be familiar with the Student Code of Conduct: https://students.mq.edu.au/support/student_conduct/

Student Support

Macquarie University provides a range of support services for students. For details, visit http://students.mq.edu.au/support/

Learning Skills

Learning Skills (mq.edu.au/learningskills) provides academic writing resources and study strategies to improve your marks and take control of your study.

Student Services and Support

Students with a disability are encouraged to contact the Disability Service who can provide appropriate help with any issues that arise during their studies.

Student Enquiries

For all student enquiries, visit Student Connect at ask.mq.edu.au

IT Help

For help with University computer systems and technology, visit http://informatics.mq.edu.au/help/

When using the University's IT, you must adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy. The policy applies to all who connect to the MQ network including students.

Graduate Capabilities

Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills

Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Assessment tasks

  • Tutorial Participation
  • Assignment 1
  • Assignment 2
  • Assignment 3
  • Final Examination
  • Class Test
  • Quiz 1
  • Quiz 2
  • Quiz 3
  • Quiz 4
  • Quiz 5

Learning and teaching activities

  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables, using a computer package to obtain the solution, as well as being able to interpret the output and give a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under uncertainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy under different situations.

Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking

We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Assessment tasks

  • Tutorial Participation
  • Assignment 1
  • Assignment 2
  • Assignment 3
  • Final Examination
  • Class Test
  • Quiz 1
  • Quiz 2
  • Quiz 3
  • Quiz 4
  • Quiz 5

Learning and teaching activities

  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables, using a computer package to obtain the solution, as well as being able to interpret the output and give a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under uncertainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy under different situations.

Problem Solving and Research Capability

Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Assessment tasks

  • Tutorial Participation
  • Assignment 1
  • Assignment 2
  • Assignment 3
  • Final Examination
  • Class Test
  • Quiz 1
  • Quiz 2
  • Quiz 3
  • Quiz 4
  • Quiz 5

Learning and teaching activities

  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables, using a computer package to obtain the solution, as well as being able to interpret the output and give a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under uncertainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy under different situations.

Effective Communication

We want to develop in our students the ability to communicate and convey their views in forms effective with different audiences. We want our graduates to take with them the capability to read, listen, question, gather and evaluate information resources in a variety of formats, assess, write clearly, speak effectively, and to use visual communication and communication technologies as appropriate.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables using a computer package as well as interpret the output and write up a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under certainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy for different situations.

Assessment tasks

  • Tutorial Participation
  • Assignment 1
  • Assignment 2
  • Assignment 3
  • Final Examination
  • Class Test
  • Quiz 1
  • Quiz 2
  • Quiz 3
  • Quiz 4
  • Quiz 5

Learning and teaching activities

  • Be able to determine which inventory model to use, obtain the solution (by hand or Excel) and provide an inventory policy.
  • Be able to set up a transition matrix, draw a state diagram, classify the states of a Markov Chain, calculate the state vector at future transitions, and when possible calculate the steady state probabilities.
  • Be able to identify a zero sum or constant sum game, set up a payoff matrix, if a saddle point exists find the optimal strategy and if a saddle point does not exist to determine the mixed strategies either by formulating the game as a linear program or solving graphically.
  • Be able to formulate linear programming problems involving integers and indicator variables, using a computer package to obtain the solution, as well as being able to interpret the output and give a conclusion.
  • Know about decision making under uncertainty and be able to provide an optimal strategy under different situations.

Changes from Previous Offering

Five quizzes, worth 2% each, will held during the lecture in Week 3, Week 5, Week 6, Week 9, and Week 13. There are some minor changes to the lecture material.