Unit convenor and teaching staff |
Unit convenor and teaching staff
Bruce Schaefer
Simon Turner
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Credit points |
Credit points
3
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Prerequisites |
Prerequisites
GEOS207 and (GEOS226 or GEOS272)
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Corequisites |
Corequisites
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Co-badged status |
Co-badged status
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Unit description |
Unit description
This unit explores the behaviour and evolution of silicate magmas and aqueous fluids in both the crust and mantle. We use examples of mafic/ultramafic and intermediate-silicic magmatic rock associations, and their associated fluids and ore deposits to investigate the geochemistry and petrology of magmatic systems. Such associations are investigated from a deposit to mantle domain scale. Physical attributes of magma-fluid systems and isotopes are considered as exploration and petrogenetic tools. Important ore deposits in sedimentary basins are also considered. Practical work involves integrating geochemical databases with microscopic investigation of key magmatic suites.
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Information about important academic dates including deadlines for withdrawing from units are available at https://www.mq.edu.au/study/calendar-of-dates
On successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:
If you receive special consideration for the final exam, a supplementary exam will be scheduled in the interval between the regular exam period and the start of the next session. By making a special consideration application for the final exam you are declaring yourself available for a resit during the supplementary examination period and will not be eligible for a second special consideration approval based on pre-existing commitments. Please ensure you are familiar with the policy prior to submitting an application. You can check the supplementary exam information page on FSE101 in iLearn (bit.ly/FSESupp) for dates, and approved applicants will receive an individual notification one week prior to the exam with the exact date and time of their supplementary examination.
Name | Weighting | Hurdle | Due |
---|---|---|---|
Practical classes | 10% | No | ongoing |
Exam: Theory | 40% | No | TBA |
Practical exam | 20% | No | Week 11 |
Bushveld Complex | 15% | No | Week 4 |
Ore Deposits and Geodynamics | 15% | No | Week 10 |
Due: ongoing
Weighting: 10%
Practical work to be handed in during the semester, a maximum of 4 will be assessed.
Due: TBA
Weighting: 40%
End of semester written theory exam
Due: Week 11
Weighting: 20%
Optical microscopy practical exam
Due: Week 4
Weighting: 15%
A number of specific sub-topics are available for each of the broad assignment topics. Included below is the list of topics and recommended starting reading/references. Your assigned topic can be found in the table in the unit guide on iLearn.
Much of your reading for this unit will be from articles in academic journals and chapters of specialist books. These sources will be critical for your individual research projects. While the vast majority of these are available online through the university library (although logging on externally can sometimes be slow and/or problematic), some are available in hard copy only. Therefore plan your access to these resources carefully and obtain photocopies etc for your assignments early. This is particularly the case for ore deposit geology, where some of the journals are:
Economic Geology (QE1.E15)
Mineralium Deposita (QE351.M27)
Ore Geology Reviews (QE390.O74)
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (TN1.I67).
I also have .pdf’s for most of the recommended journal articles for the research assignments which are not available electronically through the library. I will endeavour to put these on iLearn upon request.
Assignment 1. The Bushveld Complex.
Topic 1: Geodynamic setting of the Bushveld Complex
Richardson SH, Shirey SB, 2008. Continental mantle signature of Bushveld magmas and coeval diamonds. NATURE 453: 910-913
Gregoire M, Tinguely C, Bell DR, et al., 2005. Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Premier kimberlite (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa): Nature and evolution of the shallow upper mantle beneath the Bushveld complex. LITHOS, 84 (3-4): 185-205
Topic 2: Geochemical evolution of the Bushveld Complex
Cawthorn RG, 2007. Cr and Sr: Keys to parental magmas and processes in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. LITHOS, 95 v3-4: 381-398.
Lundgaard KL, Tegner C, Cawthorn RG, et al. 2006. Trapped intercumulus liquid in the Main Zone of the eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY, 151: 352-369.
Arndt N, Jenner G, Ohnenstetter M, et al., 2005. Trace elements in the Merensky Reef and adjacent norites Bushveld Complex South Africa, Author(s): MINERALIUM DEPOSITA, 40 (5): 550-575.
Topic 3: Mineralisation within the Bushveld Complex
Naldrett AJ, Wilson A, Kinnaird J, et al., 2009. PGE Tenor and Metal Ratios within and below the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex: Implications for its Genesis JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY, 50 (4): 625-659.
Wilson A, Chunnett G, 2006. Trace element and platinum group element distributions and the genesis of the Merensky Reef, western Bushveld Complex, South Africa. JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY, 47 (12): 2369-2403
Topic 4: Magmatic layering in the Bushveld Complex: origin and significance
Tegner C, Cawthorn RG, Kruger FJ, 2006. Cyclicity in the main and upper zones of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Crystallization from a zoned magma sheet JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY, 47 (11): 2257-2279
Smith DS, Basson IJ, 2006. Shape and distribution analysis of Merensky Reef potholing, Northam Platinum Mine, western Bushveld Complex: implications for pothole formation and growth MINERALIUM DEPOSITA, 41(3): 281-295
Topic 5: Thermal and structural effects and controls on the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex
Clarke BM, Uken R, Watkeys MK, et al., 2005. Folding of the Rustenburg Layered Suite adjacent to the Steelpoort pericline: implications for syn-Bushveld tectonism in the eastern Bushveld Complex, SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY 108 (3): 397-412
Clarke B, Uken R, Reinhardt J, 2009. Structural and compositional constraints on the emplacement of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa, LITHOS 111 (1-2): 21-36.
Note that these assignments differ from conventional essays in that they are true research review style articles. As such it is anticipated that your primary reference sources will be peer reviewed scientific literature that is appropriately cited and referenced. Some articles of this nature are included under each topic to get you started. Note that you will be expected to supplement these with at least four extra research articles that you find through your own research. You must use figures to illustrate key concepts.
These are assignments of at least 1000 words and a maximum of 1500 words, and are designed to give you some grounding in the material to be covered in the week they are due to be handed in.
Due: Week 10
Weighting: 15%
A number of specific sub-topics are available for each of the broad assignment topics. Included below is the list of topics and recommended starting reading/references. Your assigned topic can be found in the table in the study guide in iLearn.
Much of your reading for this unit will be from articles in academic journals and chapters of specialist books. These sources will be critical for your individual research projects. While the vast majority of these are available online through the university library (although logging on externally can sometimes be slow and/or problematic), some are available in hard copy only. Therefore plan your access to these resources carefully and obtain photocopies etc for your assignments early. This is particularly the case for ore deposit geology, where some of the journals are:
Economic Geology (QE1.E15)
Mineralium Deposita (QE351.M27)
Ore Geology Reviews (QE390.O74)
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (TN1.I67).
I also have .pdf’s for most of the recommended journal articles for the research assignments which are not available electronically through the library. I will endeavour to put these on iLearn upon request.
Assignment 2: Geodynamics and ore deposits:
Topic 1: Setting and characteristics of Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulphide (VHMS) deposits
Huston, DL; Stevens, B; Southgate, PN, et al. 2006. Australian Zn-Pb-Ag ore-forming systems: A review and analysis. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 101 v6: 1117-1157
Saez, R; Pascual, E; Toscano, M, et al., 1999. The Iberian type of volcano-sedimentary massive sulphide deposits. MINERALIUM DEPOSITA 34 v 5-6: 549-570
Galley, AG, 2003. Composite synvolcanic intrusions associated with Precambrian VMS-related hydrothermal systems. MINERALIUM DEPOSITA Volume: 38 v4: 443-473
Topic 2: Setting and characteristics of Sedex (including MVT) deposits
Sangster D F, 1990. Mississippi valley-type and sedex lead-zinc deposits: a comparative examination. Trans. Inst. Mining Metallurgy, B99, 21-42
Tornos, F; Heinrich, CA 2008. Shale basins, sulfur-deficient ore brines and the formation of exhalative base metal deposits CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 247 (1-2): 195-207
Large, RR; Bull, SW; Cooke, DR, et al., 1998. A genetic model for the HYC deposit, Australia: Based on regional sedimentology, geochemistry, and sulfide-sediment relationships. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, 93 (8): 1345-1368.
Topic 3: Porphyry Cu (±Mo) mineralization: Characteristics and geodynamic controls
Titley, S.R., and Beane, R.E., 1981, Porphyry copper deposits. Part I. Geologic settings, petrology and tectogenesis: Econ. Geol. 75th Anniversary Vol., p. 214-235.
Beane, R.E., and Titley, S.R., 1981, Porphyry copper deposits. Part II. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization: Econ. Geol. 75th Anniversary Vol., p. 235-269.
Seedorff, E; Barton, MD; Stavast, WJA, et al., 2008. Root Zones of Porphyry Systems: Extending the Porphyry Model to Depth ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 103 (5): 939-956
Proffett, JM., 2009 High Cu grades in porphyry Cu deposits and their relationship to emplacement depth of magmatic sources GEOLOGY, 37 (8): 675-678
Topic 4: Hydrothermal (including Epi- and Mesothermal) ore deposits
Phillips, GN; Powell, R ., 2009. Formation of gold deposits: Review and evaluation of the continuum model. EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS, 94 (1-4): 1-21
Mikucki, EJ., 1998. Hydrothermal transport and depositional processes in Archean lode-gold systems: A review ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS 13(1-5): 307-321
Kisters, AFM; Meyer, FM; Seravkin, IB, et al., 1999. The geological setting of lode-gold deposits in the central southern Urals: a review. GEOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU, 87(4): 603-616
Goldfarb, R.J.; Groves, D.I.; Gardoll, S. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis Ore Geology Reviews
Topic 5: Iron Oxide Copper Gold deposits: Features, temporal and spatial controls
HITZMAN, MW; ORESKES, N; EINAUDI, MT., 1992 Geological characteristics and tectonic setting of Proterozoic Iron-Oxide (Cu-U-Au-REE) deposits. PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH 58 v1-4: 241-287
Bastrakov, EN; Skirrow, RG; Didson, GJ., 2007. Fluid evolution and origins of iron oxide Cu-Au prospects in the Olympic Dam district, Gawler Craton, South Australia, ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 102 (8): 1415-1440
Skirrow, RG; Bastrakov, EN; Baroncii, K, et al., 2007. Timing of iron oxide Cu-Au-(U) hydrothermal activity and Nd isotope constraints on metal sources in the Gawler craton, South Australia, ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 102 (8): 1441-1470.
Belperio, A; Flint, R; Freeman, H., 2007. Prominent Hill: A hematite-dominated, iron oxide copper-gold system ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, 102 (8): 1499-1510
Note that these assignments differ from conventional essays in that they are true research review style articles. As such it is anticipated that your primary reference sources will be peer reviewed scientific literature that is appropriately cited and referenced. Some articles of this nature are included under each topic to get you started. Note that you will be expected to supplement these with at least four extra research articles that you find through your own research. You must use figures to illustrate key concepts.
These are assignments of at least 1000 words and a maximum of 1500 words, and are designed to give you some grounding in the material to be covered in the week they are due to be handed in.
You are required to attend 2 lectures and 1 practical session per week. Both sessions will be held in E5A 210. Scheduled times are:
Lectures: Wednesday 10am - 12 noon
Practicals: Wednesday 2– 5 pm
Week |
Lectures |
Practical |
Presenter |
1 31/7 |
Geochemistry: i) Major elements ii) Trace elements |
Petrology refresher, volcanic rocks |
SPT
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2 7/8 |
Geochemistry and isotopes as tracers I: Cosmochemistry |
|
JC |
3 14/8
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Geochemistry and isotopes as tracers II: Metallomics |
|
JC |
4 21/8
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Volcanology
1st assignment due (Bushveld) |
Petrography of volcanic rocks |
HH computing prac |
5 27/8 |
Basaltic magmatism in ocean basins i) MORB ii) OIB |
Modelling melting |
SPT computing prac |
6 3/9 |
Island Arc Magmatism |
Crystal fractionation |
SPT computing prac |
7 10/9 |
Granites, I, S, A, crustal growth and evolution, skarns; sedimentary provenance, detrital systems |
Granites
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BFS |
Mid semester Break (17/9 – 30/9 2018) |
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8 2/10
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CFB’s LIPs and FLIPs |
Bulk mixing, discriminating between mixing vs AFC, isochron |
SPT |
9 9/10 |
Mineralising processes: BIFs, hydrothermal systems, placers, redox (U), regolith (lectures + short prac on Sedex)
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Sedex ore deposits |
BFS |
10 16/10
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Principles of ore petrogenesis; S saturation, differentiation, accumulation, phase equilibria (redox) 2nd assignment due (Geodynamics and ore deposits) |
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BFS |
11 23/10 |
The isotopic tool kit: mixing and isochrons |
Using radiogenic isotopes/isotope geodynamics
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BFS |
12 30/10 |
Solar system evolution and extrasolar system formation |
Solar system materials |
Guest lecturer ANU |
13 6/11 |
Revision |
PRAC EXAM |
BFS |
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