Students

BIOL313 – Plants: Cells to Ecosystems

2013 – S1 External

General Information

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Unit convenor and teaching staff Unit convenor and teaching staff Co-convenor
Brian Atwell
Contact via brian.atwell@mq.edu.au
Unit Convenor
Julia Cooke
Contact via julia.cooke@mq.edu.au
Convenor
Belinda Medlyn
Contact via belinda.medlyn@mq.edu.au
Technical Officer
Muhammad Masood
Contact via muhammad.masood@mq.edu.au
Other Staff
Sharyon O'Donnell
Contact via sharyon.odonnell@mq.edu.au
9-5
Credit points Credit points
3
Prerequisites Prerequisites
39cp including (BIOL206(P) or BIOL210(P) or BIOL227(P) or ENVE266(P) or BIOL347(P))
Corequisites Corequisites
Co-badged status Co-badged status
Unit description Unit description
Plants are easily taken for granted, but they make complex life possible. They quietly provide us all with food to eat, shelter and habitat, clear air to breathe, and clean water to drink. How do they do it? And, importantly, how can we ensure that they keep doing it, in the face of increasing population pressure and climate change? This unit provides an in-depth understanding of how and why plants work the way they do. Covering plant function from the cellular to the landscape level, this unit is useful for students with interests at any scale, including plant breeding, conservation, ecology, and environmental science. Practical work is offered in compulsory block practicals and includes a mini-research project using the Macquarie glasshouse facility and fieldwork in the Ecology Reserve. Students also gain experience in data analysis and modelling.

Important Academic Dates

Information about important academic dates including deadlines for withdrawing from units are available at https://www.mq.edu.au/study/calendar-of-dates

Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this unit, you will be able to:

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Assessment Tasks

Name Weighting Due
Final examination 40% Exam Period
Numerical Exercises 10% Monday 10 a.m. following week
Quizzes 8% Monday 10 a.m. following week
Field trip analysis 5% 10 a.m. Wed 10th April
Midsemester test 10% Sunday April 28
Experimental Wiki 5% 10 a.m. Mar 20; Apr 10; May 15
Experiment paper 22% 10 a.m. Monday 3rd June

Final examination

Due: Exam Period
Weighting: 40%


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Numerical Exercises

Due: Monday 10 a.m. following week
Weighting: 10%

Numerical Exercises

There are five sets of computer simulation exercises to illustrate the concepts taught in the lectures. Ecophysiology is a quantitative science, so it is important to gain experience with the use of equations, models and spreadsheets. The numerical exercises will be made available via iLearn. Support will be offered via discussion boards. A worksheet will accompany each of the exercises and will be assessed. Each of the five worksheets will be worth 2% of the final mark (10% in total).


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data

Quizzes

Due: Monday 10 a.m. following week
Weighting: 8%

Quizzes

There will be eight online quizzes following Brian Atwell’s lectures (8 x 1% = 8%).


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function

Field trip analysis

Due: 10 a.m. Wed 10th April
Weighting: 5%

Field Trip Analysis

You will analyse the data obtained from the field trip and present a short report with your analysis and conclusions (5% of total mark). 


Midsemester test

Due: Sunday April 28
Weighting: 10%

Mid-session test

Students will sit a mid-session revision test on Sunday April 28, as part of the block practical. This test will count for 10% of the final mark. 


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Experimental Wiki

Due: 10 a.m. Mar 20; Apr 10; May 15
Weighting: 5%

Glasshouse Experiment

During the practicals, you will be design and run your own plant ecophysiology experiment, as part of a small group. The group experiments are related, so as well as analysing your own data, you will also be required to compare your results to those of the rest of the class. The practicals will be assessed in two ways: 

 

1. Wiki

Each group will set up a wiki in iLearn that they will use to share the results of their experiment (5%). The wikis will be assessed three times during the semester:

            Wed March 20th: Background to experiment and measurement protocol

            Wed April 3rd: Results from first set of measurements

            Wed May 15th: Results from second set of measurements 


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data

Experiment paper

Due: 10 a.m. Monday 3rd June
Weighting: 22%

Glasshouse Experiment

During the practicals, you will be design and run your own plant ecophysiology experiment, as part of a small group. The group experiments are related, so as well as analysing your own data, you will also be required to compare your results to those of the rest of the class. The practicals will be assessed in two ways: 

 

2. Written manuscript

The glasshouse experiment is to be written up as a journal manuscript. This manuscript will present the methods and results from the group’s experiment. In the discussion, you will be required to compare your results with those from the rest of the class and draw overall conclusions from the experiment as a whole.

 


On successful completion you will be able to:
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data

Delivery and Resources

CLASSES

The course consists of 2 one-hour lectures and follow-up exercises per week, plus block practicals which are compulsory for all students. Lecture and exercise materials will be made available on-line on the Monday of each week. The exercises follow on the lectures and must be completed by Monday of the following week. This is to encourage you to keep up with the course each week. Some of the exercises are on-line quizzes covering the lecture material. Others are more in-depth numerical exercises using Excel, which will allow you to explore the lecture concepts in detail.

The compulsory practical sessions will run 9 am – 5.30 pm on the following dates:

  • Saturday 9 March;
  • Sat-Sun 23-24 March;
  • Sat-Sun 27-28 April.
  • Location: Glasshouses, F5A roof

 

REQUIRED AND RECOMMENDED TEXTS AND/OR MATERIALS

The course covers both plant physiology and terrestrial ecosystem ecology.

Plants in Action (available online) is probably the best reference covering both topics.

* Atwell, B.J., Kriedemann, P.E. and Turnbull, Plants in Action. Macmillian Education Australia (2010, 1999). http://plantsinaction.science.uq.edu.au/edition1/

 For more detailed information on plant ecophysiology, see:

* Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S. III and Pons, T.L. Plant Physiological Ecology Springer (2008)

 For more detailed information on terrestrial ecosystem ecology, see:

* Chapin, F.S. III , Mooney, H.A., Chapin, M.C. and Matson, P. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer (2011, 2004).

 We also recommend the following books for more specific topics:

Plant physiology

* Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co. (2006, 2002, 1998, 1991).  QK711.2 .T35

* Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C.W. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing. (1992). QK711.2 .S23

Biochemistry

* Lea, P.J. and Leegood, R.C. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Wiley (1999). QK861 .P5533

* Dennis, D.T. and Turpin, D.H. Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Longman Scientific and Technical. (1997, 1990). QK881 .P54

Water relations

* Nobel, P.S. Physiochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. 3rd edition (2005, 1991).

Mineral nutrition and ion transport

*Marschner, H. Mineral Nutrition of Plants. 2nd edition. Academic Press (1995).

Plant response to stress (especially nutrition)

* Mooney, H.A. et al. Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses. Academic Press. (1991). QK754 .R47

Plant ecosystems

* Jones H.G. Plants and Microclimate. Cambridge University press, 2nd edition (1992). QK754.5 .J66

* Landsberg J & Sands P Physiological Ecology of Forest Production (2011) QH541.5.F6 L3

 

UNIT WEBPAGE AND TECHNOLOGY USED AND REQUIRED

Website

All course content will be made available via iLearn.

iLearn and email will be the primary methods of communication in this subject. You are expected to use iLearn for:

  • Regularly checking subject announcements;
  • Downloading lecture, tutorial and reference materials;
  • Submitting assignments;
  • Checking your grades.

How do you log in? The URL for iLearn is: http://ilearn.mq.edu.au/.

You must log in to iLearn each time you use it. Your user name is your student number, and your password is your myMQ student portal password, provided upon enrolment (unless you’ve changed it). If you are having trouble accessing your online unit due to a disability or health condition, please go to the Student Services Website at http://sss.mq.edu.au/equity/about for information on how to get assistance.

If you are having problems logging on, that is, if you cannot log in after ensuring you have entered your username and password correctly, you should contact Student IT Help, Phone: (02) 9850 4357 (in Sydney) or 1 800 063 191 (outside Sydney).

Software

Tutorial assignments will be available on-line. This material will take the form of a series of exercises in EXCEL and WORD format. Students will need access to EXCEL and WORD to complete these assignments.

Unit Schedule

Lecture outline

 

A major theme of the course is “ecosystem services” – the things that ecosystems do for us, such as providing food and fibre, storing carbon, regulating water flow, and maintaining soil quality. We need to ensure that ecosystems continue to provide these services, and to do so, we need to understand the plant and environmental processes that determine them.  In the course, we interweave lectures focusing on plant-level processes (given by Brian Atwell) with lectures that discuss how these processes interact to determine ecosystem-level processes (given by Belinda Medlyn).

WEEK

TOPIC

 

LECTURER

 

1

Introduction

Belinda Medlyn (BM)

 

THE CARBON CYCLE

 

1

Photosynthesis – carbon gain

Brian Atwell (BA)

2

Respiration – carbon loss

BA

2

Gross Primary Productivity

BM

3

Net Primary Productivity

BM

3

Ecosystem Carbon Balance

BM

 

THE WATER CYCLE

 

4

Plant water relations

BA

4

Stomatal physiology

BA

5

Ecosystem Water Balance

BM

5

Plant Water Use

BM

 

THE NUTRIENT CYCLE

 

6

Plant Nutrient Uptake

BA

6

Plant Nutrient Requirements

BA

7

Nutrient cycling I

BM

7

Nutrient cycling II

BM

 

SEMESTER BREAK

 

 

BALANCING THE CYCLES

 

8

Growth and development

BA

8

Transport of resources

BA

9

Allocation from a whole-plant perspective

BM

 

APPLICATIONS

 

10

Responses to stress: cells to whole plants

BA

10

Responses to stress: plants to ecosystems

BM

11

Fire: an ecosystem sculptor

Michelle Leishman

11

Water: ecophysiology of aquatic plants

BM

12

Impacts of high CO2 on plants

BM

12

Impacts of high CO2 on ecosystems

BM

13

Stable isotopes

David Ellsworth (UWS)

13

Remote sensing and global ecophysiology

Colin Prentice

 

Follow up Exercises

                                            

Most weeks we will provide you with activities to check you have understood the lecture content. These activities will comprise on-line quizzes (following Brian’s material, worth 1 mark each) and numerical exercises in Excel (following Belinda’s material, worth 2 marks each). The numerical exercises will be supported with online discussion boards. Each exercise must be completed by 10 am Monday of the following week (excepting Easter Monday – due that Tuesday instead).

 

 

Wk#

 

ACTIVITY

1

Quiz 1: Photosynthesis

2

Quiz 2: Respiration

Numerical Exercises 1: Photosynthesis

3

Numerical Exercises 2: Net Primary Productivity

4

Quiz 3: Water Relations

Quiz 4: Stomatal Physiology

5

Numerical Exercises 3: Water Balance

6

Quiz 5: Nutrient Uptake

Quiz 6: Nutrient Requirements

7

 

 

Mid-semester break

8

Quiz 7: Growth & development

Quiz 8: Transport

9

Numerical Exercises 4: Allocation and growth

10

 

11

 

12

Numerical Exercises 5: High CO2 responses

13

 

 

Practicals

                                            

The three block practicals will be held in the Plant Biology Complex on the rooftop of the F5A carpark (eastern end of campus) on 9 March, 23-24 March and 27-28 April.  You can drive up into the opposite carpark if you have a university sticker or purchase a day ticket. The practicals will run from 9am sharp to 5.30pm, depending on the day's activities.

 

The practical work has two components. You will run a mini-experiment, in small groups, using the Macquarie University glasshouse facilities. You will be given a choice of experiments to do. We will also spend a day in the Macquarie University Ecology Reserve exploring field-based plant ecophysiology techniques. These practicals are compulsory for all students.

 

 

 

Lab#

 

DATES

 

ACTIVITY

 

1

Mar 9

-         Introduction to glasshouse facilities and equipment

-         Overview of experiments and techniques

-         Students placed in groups to commence designing their experiments

2

Mar 23

First set of experiment measurements

3

Mar 24

Field trip to Macquarie Ecology Reserve

4

April 27

Second set of experiment measurements

5

April 28

Mid-semester test

Harvest of plant material

Policies and Procedures

Macquarie University policies and procedures are accessible from Policy Central. Students should be aware of the following policies in particular with regard to Learning and Teaching:

Academic Honesty Policy http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/academic_honesty/policy.html

Assessment Policy  http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/assessment/policy.html

Grading Policy http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/grading/policy.html

Grade Appeal Policy http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/gradeappeal/policy.html

Grievance Management Policy http://mq.edu.au/policy/docs/grievance_management/policy.html

Special Consideration Policy http://www.mq.edu.au/policy/docs/special_consideration/policy.html

In addition, a number of other policies can be found in the Learning and Teaching Category of Policy Central.

Student Support

Macquarie University provides a range of Academic Student Support Services. Details of these services can be accessed at: http://students.mq.edu.au/support/

UniWISE provides:

  • Online learning resources and academic skills workshops http://www.students.mq.edu.au/support/learning_skills/
  • Personal assistance with your learning & study related questions.
  • The Learning Help Desk is located in the Library foyer (level 2).
  • Online and on-campus orientation events run by Mentors@Macquarie.

Student Services and Support

Students with a disability are encouraged to contact the Disability Service who can provide appropriate help with any issues that arise during their studies.

Student Enquiries

Details of these services can be accessed at http://www.student.mq.edu.au/ses/.

IT Help

If you wish to receive IT help, we would be glad to assist you at http://informatics.mq.edu.au/help/

When using the university's IT, you must adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy. The policy applies to all who connect to the MQ network including students and it outlines what can be done.

Graduate Capabilities

Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative

We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their professional and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed. They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Commitment to Continuous Learning

Our graduates will have enquiring minds and a literate curiosity which will lead them to pursue knowledge for its own sake. They will continue to pursue learning in their careers and as they participate in the world. They will be capable of reflecting on their experiences and relationships with others and the environment, learning from them, and growing - personally, professionally and socially.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills

Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Assessment tasks

  • Final examination
  • Quizzes
  • Midsemester test

Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking

We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Assessment tasks

  • Numerical Exercises
  • Experimental Wiki
  • Experiment paper

Problem Solving and Research Capability

Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how each of these factors acts to limit plant growth
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Assessment tasks

  • Field trip analysis
  • Experimental Wiki
  • Experiment paper

Creative and Innovative

Our graduates will also be capable of creative thinking and of creating knowledge. They will be imaginative and open to experience and capable of innovation at work and in the community. We want them to be engaged in applying their critical, creative thinking.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology
  • Apply ecophysiological principles to analyse how plants respond to changes in environmental conditions

Assessment tasks

  • Experimental Wiki
  • Experiment paper

Effective Communication

We want to develop in our students the ability to communicate and convey their views in forms effective with different audiences. We want our graduates to take with them the capability to read, listen, question, gather and evaluate information resources in a variety of formats, assess, write clearly, speak effectively, and to use visual communication and communication technologies as appropriate.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Build, use and critique simple models of plant ecosystem function
  • Collect, analyse and present ecophysiological data

Assessment tasks

  • Experimental Wiki
  • Experiment paper

Engaged and Ethical Local and Global citizens

As local citizens our graduates will be aware of indigenous perspectives and of the nation's historical context. They will be engaged with the challenges of contemporary society and with knowledge and ideas. We want our graduates to have respect for diversity, to be open-minded, sensitive to others and inclusive, and to be open to other cultures and perspectives: they should have a level of cultural literacy. Our graduates should be aware of disadvantage and social justice, and be willing to participate to help create a wiser and better society.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcome

  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology

Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible

We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others; to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player; to have a sense of connectedness with others and country; and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability.

This graduate capability is supported by:

Learning outcomes

  • Describe the abiotic factors that affect plant growth and distribution
  • Explain how plants have adapted to environmental limitations
  • Plan and execute experiments in plant ecophysiology